PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Australia	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian					Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian						Sheridanian					Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Chibanian						Cudahyan/Sappan					Middle Pleistocene	0.21
				Calabrian						Cudahyan/Sappan					Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Calabrian						Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene	2.58
				Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
				Zanclean						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian					Early Pliocene	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian										7.246
				Tortonian		Pannonian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian						9.4
				Serravallian		Sarmatian				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					Middle Miocene	11.63
						Sarmatian				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
						Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
										Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						16.3
										late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	23.03
											Monroecreekian					23.1 *
											Geringian					24.7 *
				Rupelian							Geringian		Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	27.82
				Rupelian									Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	33.9
				Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	37
				Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	37.71
				Bartonian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
				Lutetian						Late Uintan/Early Uintan						41.2
				Lutetian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
				Ypresian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Bumbanian	Early Eocene	47.8
										Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
												Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56
				Thanetian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56.2
				Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Selandian								To3/To2/To1			Middle Paleocene	60.9
				Danian								To3/To2/To1			Early Paleocene	61.6
				Danian								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			Early Paleocene	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian											66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic											100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian											125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
Norian				208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian		443.8
			Katian				Bolindian		445.2
							Eastonian		449 *
							Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian				Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian				Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian				Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian		Ungurian		477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian		Ungurian		482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian		485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian		489.5
							Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian		492.2 *
			Paibian				Sakian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian		497
			Guzhangian						499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian				Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan				Tuesaian		504.5
			Wuliuan						505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
							Toyonian		510 *
Botomian							512.5 *
Botomian			Stage 3				514
Atdabanian			Stage 3				515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635