PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian		MN 17							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16							2.58
		Piacenzian		MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean		MN 15							3.6
				MN 14							4.2
				MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		MN 13							5.333
		Tortonian		MN 12							7.246
				MN 11							7.75
				MN 10							8.7
				MN 9							9.7
				MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian		MN 7 + 8							11.63
		Serravallian		MN 6							12.8 *
		Langhian		MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian		MN 4							15.98
				MN 3							16.9
				MN 2							20
		Aquitanian		MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian		MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian								66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic								100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian				251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian	Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean					477.7
				Stairsian					480.3 *
				Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean				487.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				Paibian				494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian				530.7
											538.8