PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Germany	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian		MN 17							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16							2.58
				Piacenzian		MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15							3.6
						MN 14							4.2
						MN 13							4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13							5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12							7.246
						MN 11							7.75
						MN 10							8.7
						MN 9							9.7
						MN 7 + 8							11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8							11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6							12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5							13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4							15.98
						MN 3							16.9
						MN 2							20
				Aquitanian		MN 2							20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
				Bartonian				MP 16					37.71
				Lutetian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
				Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian								66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic								100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	Autunian			283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian			393.3
			Pragian				Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian			Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10		Sunwaptan				487.5
			Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan				489.5
			Jiangshanian		Steptoean				493 *
			Paibian		Steptoean				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian			Albertian †	497
			Drumian		Marjumian				500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan				504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran				506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4		Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran				514
					Montezuman				514.8 *
					Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
													1400