PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian		Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian		Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian	20
				Aquitanian		Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			33.9
				Bartonian			37.71
				Lutetian			41.2
				Ypresian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			56
				Selandian			59.2
				Danian			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian		66
				Campanian			72.1
				Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic		100.5
				Aptian			113
				Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
				Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Oxfordian			154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian			168.2
				Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
				Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
				Norian			208.5
				Carnian			227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
				Wordian			264.28
				Roadian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
				Artinskian			283.5
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
				Kasimovian			303.7
				Moscovian			307
				Bashkirian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
			Drumian	500.5
			Wuliuan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian				635
		Tonian				720
		Tonian			Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
							1400