PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian								3
		Zanclean			Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
					Clifdenian								15.1
				Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian								23.03
					Duntroonian								25.2
					Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Arnold	Runangan								34.6
					Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
					Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan								47.8
					Mangaorapan								48.9
					Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian								56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian	Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian			Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
					Mangaotanean								90.5
					Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan								93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
					Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic		Motuan								100.5
					Urutawan								103.3
				Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian			Korangan								113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Leine	264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian								Siegen	407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien			Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian						Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian	489.5
		Paibian	Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian	499
		Drumian		Undillan	500.5
		Drumian		Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian	Ordian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
													538.8