PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of Britain		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian					2.58
				Piacenzian						Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean						Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian						Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian						Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian						Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian						Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian						Agenian					20
				Aquitanian						Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian										66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic										100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian										125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Vokhmian		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									Vokhmian		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
				Wuchiapingian									Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian				Urzhumian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
				Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
				Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
								Filipovian							276.5 *
								Saraninian							280.1 *
				Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
								Irginian							285.9 *
								Burtsevian							287.8 *
				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							290.1
Tastubian				Sakmarian		291.7 *	Sakmarian
Asselian				Asselian		Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	493.1 *
	Paibian		494								Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian					St Davids			497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian					Caerfai			509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian									Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau			1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan			1375
															1400