PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian													66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic													100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian													125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian							251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian		Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian			Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian							Midian			Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian			Urzhumian				266.2 *
		Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
									Kubergandian			Filipovian				276.5 *
									Bolorian			Filipovian				279.8
												Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
												Irginian				285.9 *
									Yakhtashian			Irginian				286
									Yakhtashian			Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian							Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
												Uskalykian				294.8
												Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian													Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec							Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian							Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian							Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		Ohesaare						419.2
					Bringewood/Elton		Ohesaare						421.3
					Bringewood/Elton		Kaugetuma						421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Kuressaare						423
		Ludfordian			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Paadla						423.4 *
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas								426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas		Rootsikula						427.4
				Wych	Woolhope		Rootsikula						428.4 *
							Jaagarahu						429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu						430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
			Adavere				434 *
							436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
			Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian						Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran						Waucoban †	Branchian	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran								514
							Montezuman								514.8 *
							Montezuman							Placentian	517.1
							Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8