PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian													66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic													100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian													125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein			Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			Midian					259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Midian					264.28
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian					273.01
				Kungurian									Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian						Autunian			Bolorian					283.5
				Artinskian									Yakhtashian					286
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian									Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian														303.7
				Moscovian														307
				Bashkirian														315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
				Visean														330.9
				Tournaisian														346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway											358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean											372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian										393.3
				Pragian														407.6
				Lochkovian														410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
			Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
				Aeronian														438.5
				Rhuddanian														440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian		Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
				Payntonian							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				486.8 *
				Payntonian							Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian	Iverian							Festiniogian	Jiangshanian			489.5
			Jiangshanian	Iverian							Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian			493.1 *
			Paibian	Idamean	Paibian							494
			Paibian	Idamean	Paibian							Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	St Davids						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian							Guzhangian			499
			Drumian	Undillan							Drumian			500.5
			Drumian	Floran							Drumian			503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian							Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian							Wuliuan/Taijangian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	Caerfai						Duyunian			509
			Stage 4								Duyunian			510.8 *
			Stage 3								Nangaoian			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian								Meishucunian			529
			Fortunian								Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400