PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean										Yushean			3.6
				Zanclean										Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian										Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian										Tunggurian			11.63
				Langhian										Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian										Shanwangian			15.98
				Burdigalian										Xiejiaan			16.9
				Aquitanian										Xiejiaan			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian												66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic												100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian												125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan								150
									Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian					Warepan								208.5
									Otamitan								217
									Oretian								221
				Carnian					Oretian								227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian					Etalian								238
				Anisian					Etalian								242
				Anisian					Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
Induan				251.2					Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Ohre/Aller	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian	Leine			264.28
						Barettian				266
								Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian		Kubergandian		276
								Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
						Telfordian				285
						Telfordian		Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian					Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
			Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula					427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu					429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu					430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani					431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani					433.4
			Telychian		Adavere					434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere					438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula					439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula					440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru					441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian							Paibian		494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3						Nangaoian				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian				521
Fortunian			529						Meishucunian
Fortunian			Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635