PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene			0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian	Late Pliocene			2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian	Late Pliocene			3
				Zanclean							Waipipian	Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian	Early Pliocene			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene			5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan	Middle Miocene			11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
											Clifdenian				15.1
										Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian	Early Miocene			15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian	Late Oligocene			23.03
											Duntroonian				25.2
											Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian								Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene			33.9
										Arnold	Runangan				34.6
											Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan	Middle Eocene			37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
											Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan	Early Eocene			47.8
											Mangaorapan				48.9
											Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian	Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian					Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
											Mangaotanean				90.5
											Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
											Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic						Motuan				100.5
											Urutawan				103.3
										Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian							Korangan				113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian										125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	330.9
			Visean			Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10	Sunwaptan	487.5		Niuchehean
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian		489.5
							Aksaian			490.7 *
							Sakian			492.2 *
				Steptoean						493 *
			Paibian		Paibian					494
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian	Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian	Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Delamaran					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian				Waucoban †				509
									Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
							Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3	Nangaoian								514
Montezuman							514.8 *
Montezuman							Atdabanian			515.6 *
Begadean							Atdabanian			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian			Tommotian			521
			Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian						Manykaian †	529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian					Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400