PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of North America						Carboniferous of China	Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian												Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian												Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian												Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian												Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian												Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian												Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian														66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic														100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian														125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian							300 *
		Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian							303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun							305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
									Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian				450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian				453
			Turinian						453.7 *
			Turinian						Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian						Zahorany †/Vinice			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †						467.3
										Arenigian					468
								Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian								485.4
																	487.5