PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian				Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian							3
		Zanclean						Waipipian							3.6
								Opoitian							3.7
								Opoitian						Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan							7.246
							Southland	Waiauan							11.04
														Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian						Shanwangian	13.82
								Clifdenian							15.1
							Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
														Xiejiaan	16.9
								Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian							23.03
								Duntroonian							25.2
								Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
							Arnold	Runangan							34.6
								Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian							41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
								Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan							47.8
								Mangaorapan							48.9
								Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian							56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian				Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian						Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
								Mangaotanean							90.5
								Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan							93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
								Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic					Motuan							100.5
								Urutawan							103.3
							Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian						Korangan							113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian	470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
															509