PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Australia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian						2.58
		Piacenzian							Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean							Ruscinian						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian						5.333
		Tortonian							Turolian						7.246
		Tortonian							Vallesian						8.7
		Serravallian							Astaracian						11.63
		Langhian							Astaracian						13.82
		Burdigalian							Orleanian						15.98
		Burdigalian							Agenian						20
		Aquitanian							Agenian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian												66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic												100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Eastonian	Cautleyan	449 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Berounian				Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Gisbornian	Cheneyan		452 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Aurelucian						456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
							Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Darriwilian			458.4
					Dobrotivian							458.5 *
					Oretanian							459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †		Yapeenian				467.3
					Arenigian								468
			Arenig			Fennian							468.4 *
									Castlemainian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian				470
						Whitlandian			Chewtonian				471.1 *
									Bendigonian				471.8 *
									Lancefieldian				473.5 *
						Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
							Cressagian						480.8 *
							Cressagian		Warendian				482.8 *
									Warendian				485 *
															485.4