PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian												66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic												100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian												125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian											298.9
				Kasimovian		Missourian											303.7
				Kasimovian		Desmoinesian											305.9 *
				Moscovian		Desmoinesian											307
Atokan				Moscovian		312.7 *
Atokan				Bashkirian		315.2
Morrowan				Bashkirian		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
						Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
						Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Raikkula		439.4 *
						Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
			Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
	Arenig		Dapingian					Fennian	468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian	470
								Whitlandian	471.1 *
								Moridunian	474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635