PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Silurian of England		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic			Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean												Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean												Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian												Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian												Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian												Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian												Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian												Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian												66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic												100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan							150
								Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian						Warepan							208.5
								Otamitan							217
								Oretian							221
		Carnian						Oretian							227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian						Etalian							238
		Anisian						Etalian							242
		Anisian						Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian							249
		Induan		251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian			Flettian			264.28
		Wordian			Barettian			266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian	330.9
		Visean						Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle						Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
									Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
									Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
			Wych						Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani	433.4
										Adavere	434 *
											436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
			Cowleigh Park								439.3 *
										Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland			Kunda	462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian		477.7						Hunneberg
				Varangu	481.3 *
				Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort		485.4
						486.3 *
							486.5
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
															509