PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of North America						South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian				0.0117
				Chibanian									Lujanian				0.129
				Chibanian									Ensenadan				0.3 *
				Calabrian									Ensenadan				0.774
				Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
				Gelasian									Sanandresian				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Vorohuean				2.58
				Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
				Zanclean									Chapadmalalan				3.6
													Montehermosan				3.7 *
													Huayquerian				4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
													Chasicoan				7.9 *
													Mayoan				9.9 *
													Laventan				10.9 *
				Serravallian									Laventan				11.63
				Serravallian									Colloncuran				13.7 *
				Langhian									Colloncuran				13.82
				Langhian									Friasian				15.4 *
				Burdigalian									Friasian				15.98
													Santacrucian				16.2 *
													Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
				Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian				20.44
				Aquitanian									Deseadan				20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
				Rupelian									Tinguirirican				28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian									Tinguirirican				33.9
				Priabonian									Divisaderan				35.9 *
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Lutetian									Mustersan				41.9 *
				Ypresian									Mustersan				47.8
				Ypresian									Casamayoran				47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Riochican				56
													Itaboraian				56.9 *
													Peligran				58.9 *
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
				Danian									Tiupampan				62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian												66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic												100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian												125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Wordian	Noginskian		264.9 *
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian		283.5
			Artinskian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
			Visean	Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
Wenlock		Homerian	427.4
Wenlock		Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Richmondian	Kralodvorian		446 *
						Richmondian	Berounian		449.7 *
						Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian				450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian				453
						Turinian				453.7 *
						Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian						Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Oretanian						459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †					467.3
							Arenigian						468
						Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
						Stairsian								480.3 *
						Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian								485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000											Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian											1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian											1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan											1375
																	1400