PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian													66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic													100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian													125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian					Rotliegendes							259.51
				Wordian		Wordian												264.28
				Roadian		Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian											273.01
				Kungurian			Hessian											281.9 *
				Artinskian			Hessian				Autunian							283.5
				Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
				Sakmarian			Lenoxian											290.1
				Asselian			Nealian								Bursumian †			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Virgilian			298.9
				Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian			Virgilian			300 *
				Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian			Missourian			303.7
												Dalaun			Missourian			305.8 *
															Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian											Desmoinesian			307
				Moscovian											Atokan			312.7 *
				Bashkirian											Atokan			315.2
															Morrowan			318.4 *
												Huashibanian						318.5 *
												Lousuan						321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian			Chesterian			323.2
				Serpukhovian								Shangsian						330.8 *
				Visean								Shangsian						330.9
												Jiusian						335 *
															Meramecian			335.8 *
															Osagean			343.1 *
				Tournaisian								Tangbagouan			Osagean			346.7
				Tournaisian								Tangbagouan			Kinderhookian			351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian				427.4
			Homerian	Whitwellian				429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian					470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian					477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian			Late Cambrian	485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian				489.5
			Paibian							Idamean				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Mindyallan			Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian							Boomerangian				499
			Drumian							Undillan				500.5
			Drumian							Floran				503
	Wuliuan		Templetonian							504.5
	Wuliuan		Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian							Early Cambrian			509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000										Karatau
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																		1400