PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	Villanyian		Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene						Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene	Turolian						5.333
		Tortonian						Turolian						7.246
								Vallesian						8.7
								Vallesian					Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene	Astaracian					Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene	Astaracian					Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene	Orleanian					Shanwangian	15.98
								Orleanian					Xiejiaan	16.9
								Agenian						20
		Aquitanian						Agenian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian											66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic											100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian								251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian			Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Laibinian			Zechstein		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Lengwuan			Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian		Wordian		Kuhfengian								264.28
		Roadian		Roadian		Kuhfengian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian						273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian							Autunian			283.5
						Longlinian						285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian			Nealian	Zisongian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Zisongian						298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian						Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †					497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
														509