PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic					Late Albian		100.5
								Middle Albian		106.2 *
								Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian		113
		Aptian						Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian		139.8
								Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
								Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan		Late Kimmeridgian		150
						Ohauan		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
						Heterian		Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian		174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan		Late Toarcian		176
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian				Warepan		Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
								Lacian		216.7 *
						Otamitan				217
						Oretian				221
		Carnian				Oretian		Tuvalian		227
					Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian		227.5
								Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian		237
						Etalian		Longobardian		238
								Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian		242
								Pelsonian		243.8 *
								Bithynian		244.7 *
								Aegean		245.5 *
						Malakovian		Aegean		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian		247.2
								Smithian		248.9 *
						Nelsonian		Smithian		249
		Induan						Dienerian		251.2
								Griesbachian		251.4 *
					DUrville	Makarewan		Griesbachian		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		Makarewan				251.902
				Meishanian		Waiitian				253.2
				Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian			254.14
				Laoshanian		Puruhauan	254.2
				Laibinian		Puruhauan	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian			273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
				Longlinian		Telfordian	285.4 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian			358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare					419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani					433.4
		Telychian		Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru					441.4 *
										443.8