PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of China	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Australia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Calabrian								0.774
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Serravallian								11.63
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian							66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic							100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian							125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian						251.902
				Changhsingian		Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian						254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Laibinian						257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan						259.51
				Wordian		Kuhfengian						264.28
				Roadian		Kuhfengian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian						273.01
				Artinskian		Luodianian						283.5
				Artinskian		Longlinian						285.4 *
Sakmarian				290.1		Longlinian
Asselian				Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Longvillian †		Aurelucian			456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian			457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
			Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
			Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
					Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
								Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian		470
						Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
								Bendigonian		471.8 *
								Lancefieldian		473.5 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
						Cressagian				480.8 *
						Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
								Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000
		Ectasian		1200
		Calymmian		1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
												4600