PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic			Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian		Lancian/Edmontonian							66
				Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic									100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian	Neocomian									125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian					247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan		Kathwai								251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai								251.902
														252.4 *
						Chhidru								252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Chhidru			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
						Kalabagh								255 *
						Wargal								256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
														265.3 *
						Amb								266.1 *
				Roadian		Amb			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian									Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian									Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian									Emsian	393.3
				Pragian									Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian									Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
			Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
Wenlock			Homerian	Gleedonian				427.4
			Homerian	Whitwellian				429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
Llandovery			Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian					Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian		Keila			Idavere †		453
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku					458.4
					Lasnamagi					458.9 *
					Aseri					460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg				Ungurian	477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Batyrbaian				485.4
							486.3 *
							486.5
			Jiangshanian				489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian				Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian					499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian				Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan				Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan				505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
						Toyonian	510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3			Botomian	514
			Stage 3			Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
			Stage 2				525.5
			Fortunian				529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
			Cryogenian									635
			Tonian									720
			Tonian						Karatau			800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
			Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
			Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
			Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
														1400