PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Germany	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5							Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian									Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian					Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			Jaani			433.4
		Telychian					Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5					Batyrbaian
			Aksaian					490.7 *
			Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Tuesaian					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
				Toyonian						510 *
				Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian						514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian						521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8