PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene	Pannonian								7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Sarmatian			Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Serravallian		Badenian								12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4			Late Albian		100.5
												Middle Albian		106.2 *
												Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian		113
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3			Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian								Late Berriasian		139.8
												Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
												Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan	Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian					Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan				Late Kimmeridgian		150
								Ohauan				Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
								Heterian				Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
				Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian								Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian								Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian		174.7
							Herangi	Ururoan				Late Toarcian		176
												Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
												Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran	Jurassic 2			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		188.9
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour			Otapirian	Triassic 4		201.4
			Norian				Warepan		Sevatian	208.5
									Alaunian	213.2 *
									Lacian	216.7 *
							Otamitan			217
							Oretian			221
			Carnian				Oretian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian	227
				Gore			Kaihikuan		Tuvalian	227.5
									Julian	233.4 *
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2	Longobardian	237
							Etalian		Longobardian	238
									Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian						Illyrian	242
						Pelsonian			243.8 *
						Bithynian			244.7 *
						Aegean			245.5 *
						Aegean	Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
								Smithian	248.9 *
							Nelsonian	Smithian	249
			Induan					Dienerian	251.2
								Griesbachian	251.4 *
				DUrville			Makarewan	Griesbachian	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	Makarewan		251.902
			Changhsingian				Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		254.14		Waiitian
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		266
			Roadian			Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2	273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Devonian 4	Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian			Devonian 2	Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian			Devonian 1	Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian				Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				443.8
			Katian			Ordovician 5				445.2
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5				485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
Series 2		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
														1400