PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Siberia		European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene					Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian						Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian						Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene					Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene					Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene					Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian						Agenian	20
		Aquitanian						Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	MP 16					37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5				56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian				489.5
			Aksaian				490.7 *
			Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian					494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian	509
			Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian				514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
									538.8