PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages				Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Villanyian									2.58
				Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Ruscinian									3.1 *
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Ruscinian									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Turolian									5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian								Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian								Pannonian	8.7
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian								Sarmatian	11.63
				Serravallian										Badenian	12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene	Orleanian									15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian									20
				Aquitanian		Agenian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene										33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene										37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene										56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian							Bursumian †				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian			303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian	Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			323.2
			Visean	Chesterian			330.9
				Meramecian			335.8 *
				Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean			346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas			Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian		Wych		Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
						Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635