PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Waipipian			3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian			13.82
					Clifdenian			15.1
				Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene		Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Waitakian			23.03
					Duntroonian			25.2
					Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene					33.9
				Arnold	Runangan			34.6
					Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian			41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
					Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Heretaungan			47.8
					Mangaorapan			48.9
					Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Teurian			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Gallic		100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
								358.9