PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene		Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene		Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		346.7
						358.9