PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene											37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene											56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Meishanian					251.902
				Changhsingian							Baoqingian					253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian							Laoshanian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Laibinian					257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Lengwuan					259.51
				Wordian							Kuhfengian					264.28
				Roadian							Kuhfengian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Luodianian					273.01
				Artinskian							Luodianian					283.5
				Artinskian							Longlinian					285.4 *
				Sakmarian							Longlinian					290.1
				Asselian							Zisongian					293.52
				Asselian				Kuzel								297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
				Xiaodushanian		300 *
							300.1
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
				Dalaun					305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
				Huashibanian				Westphalian A	318.5 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Lousuan				Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian			323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Chokierian			323.2
					Arnsbergian			324 *
					Pendleian			327.4 *
				Shangsian	Pendleian			330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
				Jiusian	Warnantian		Brigantian †	335 *
					Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian			Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian			Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
	Edenian								450.4 *
	Mohawkian							Chatfieldian	451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian	453
								Turinian	453.7 *
	Whiterockian								Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian								467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10										487.5
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635