PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
				Norian						208.5
				Carnian						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
				Kasimovian						303.7
				Moscovian						307
				Bashkirian						315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
			Telychian	Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian	509
			Stage 3		Branchian	514
			Stage 3		Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian				Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau			1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan			1375
										1400