PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene				Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene				Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
		Bajocian								Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel		298.9
				Stephanian		Stephanian C		300.3 *
						Stephanian B		300.9 *
						Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian		307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D		307.4 *
						Westphalian C		309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian	485.4
							Payntonian	486.8 *
							Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	497
								Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
								Boomerangian		499
		Drumian						Undillan		500.5
		Drumian						Floran		503
		Wuliuan				Topazan		Templetonian		504.5
						Delamaran		Templetonian		506.5
								Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian	Ordian	Waucoban †	509
										510.8 *
						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3			514	Dyeran
					Montezuman	514.8 *
					Montezuman	Placentian	517.1
					Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
												538.8