PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Germany	Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene										7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene										11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene										13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene										33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene										37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene										56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian						251.902
				Changhsingian					Baoqingian						253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian						254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Laibinian						257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan						259.51
				Wordian					Kuhfengian						264.28
				Roadian					Kuhfengian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian						273.01
				Artinskian					Luodianian						283.5
				Artinskian					Longlinian						285.4 *
				Sakmarian					Longlinian						290.1
				Asselian					Zisongian	Bursumian †					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	Virgilian					298.9
				Gzhelian		300.1				Virgilian
				Kasimovian		Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian		Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
				Visean		Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec		Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
			Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
				Aeronian	438.5
				Rhuddanian	440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
				Katian	445.2
				Sandbian	453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian				477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
				Stage 10					Festiniogian		489.2 *
				Jiangshanian							489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
				Paibian					Maentwrogian		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					Ayusokkanian	497
										Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
												499.5
				Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
				Drumian						Tuesaian		503
				Wuliuan						Tuesaian		504.5
				Wuliuan								505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian						Caerfai	509
										Toyonian		510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian			Stage 3						514
	Atdabanian									515.6 *
	Atdabanian				Placentian					517.1
	Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
			Stage 2							525.5
			Fortunian							529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
Ectasian			1200										Yurmatian
Ectasian			Burzyan										1375
															1400