PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Units	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene				Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian					Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian					Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene				Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene				Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene				Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian				20
				Aquitanian					Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
				Wuchiapingian									254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian				Urzhumian					264.28
				Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
				Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
								Filipovian					276.5 *
								Saraninian					280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
						Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Guzhangian		Arcadian					498.4
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian					509
			Stage 3		Branchian					514
			Stage 3		Placentian					517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400