PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene										5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene										7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene										11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene										13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene										15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene										33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene										37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene										41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene										56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian			Senonian			66
				Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic			100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Zechstein				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes				259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian							Autunian				283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian		449 *
					Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian		477.7
					Warendian		482.8 *
					Warendian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		Datsonian		485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian		489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
			Paibian							Idamean		494
			Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Idamean		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian					Mindyallan		497
					Ayusokkanian					Boomerangian		499
					Mayan/Menevian					Boomerangian		499.5
			Drumian							Undillan		500.5
			Drumian							Floran		503
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan					Templetonian		504.5
			Wuliuan							Ordian		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
					Toyonian		Lenian †					510 *
					Toyonian							510.8 *
					Botomian							512.5 *
	Stage 3		514		Botomian
	Stage 3		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000		Karatau
		Stenian									Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan		1375
															1400