PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene													7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene													11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene													13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene													33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene													37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene													56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein			Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			Midian					259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Midian					264.28
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian					273.01
				Kungurian									Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian						Autunian			Bolorian					283.5
				Artinskian									Yakhtashian					286
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian									Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
					Payntonian			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan						486.8 *
					Payntonian			Festiniogian						489.2 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian			Festiniogian			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Jiangshanian		Iverian			Maentwrogian			Jiangshanian			493.1 *
			Paibian		Idamean						Paibian			494
			Paibian		Idamean						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan		St Davids				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
			Guzhangian		Boomerangian						Guzhangian			499
			Drumian		Undillan						Drumian			500.5
			Drumian		Floran						Drumian			503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian						Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian						Wuliuan/Taijangian			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian		Caerfai				Duyunian			509
			Stage 4								Duyunian			510.8 *
			Stage 3								Nangaoian			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian								Meishucunian			529
			Fortunian								Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400