PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic			Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene									7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene									11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene									13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene									41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene							Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene						Gashatan			56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan									Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein				Kathwai	251.902
														252.4 *
													Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian									Chhidru	254.14
													Kalabagh	255 *
													Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Ohre/Aller					259.51
				Wordian					Leine					264.28
														265.3 *
													Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian									Amb	266.9
				Roadian										270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
	Oeland				Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort			485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian								635
			Tonian								720
			Tonian							Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
			Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian	1200						Yurmatian
			Ectasian	Burzyan						1375
														1400