PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene													7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene													11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene													13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene													33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene													37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene													56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan					150
													Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian									Warepan					208.5
													Otamitan					217
													Oretian					221
				Carnian									Oretian					227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian									Etalian					238
				Anisian									Etalian					242
				Anisian									Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian					249
				Induan									Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan								DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian			Makarewan					251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian		253.2				Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian				Flettian	264.28
							Barettian	266
				Murgabian				266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian				273.01
				Kubergandian			Mangapirian	276
				Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian					283.5
							Telfordian	285
				Yakhtashian			Telfordian	286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian			Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian			Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian			Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn							Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig							Fennian		468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian		470
										Whitlandian		471.1 *
										Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc							Migneintian		477.7
										Cressagian		480.8 *
										Cressagian		Mansian †		483.55 *
												Mansian †		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Datsonian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10										Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian										Iverian					489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian					Idamean					494
		Paibian					Idamean					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan		Ayusokkanian								497
				Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian								499
				Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian		Undillan										500.5
		Drumian		Floran										503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian		Amgan/Solvan								504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian										507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
						Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
						Toyonian								510.8 *
						Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian								514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian								521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400