PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of China			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene											37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene											56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Chotec		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Chotec		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian		449.5
									Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				Arenigian				470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400