PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene												5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene												7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene												11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene												13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene												15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene												37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian					259.51
				Wordian								Midian					264.28
				Wordian								Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian								Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian					273.01
				Kungurian								Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian								Bolorian					283.5
				Artinskian								Yakhtashian					286
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian								Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		443.8
			Katian			Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian		470
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian			Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian	Niuchehean			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	Jiangshanian			489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian			493.1 *
			Paibian							Paibian			494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		Duyunian			509
	Stage 3	Series 2	Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan			1375
																	1400