PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Yushean					2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			Yushean					3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			Baodean					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian						7.246
		Tortonian			Pannonian	Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian				Shanwangian					13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			Shanwangian					15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan					16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian	259.51
		Wordian								Midian	264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian		330.9
		Visean			Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							489.5
								Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai				Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8