PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Devonian Subages	European Faunal Units	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Villanyian						2.58
				Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Ruscinian						3.1 *
				Zanclean	Early Pliocene			Ruscinian						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			Turolian						5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian						7.246
				Tortonian				Vallesian						8.7
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene			Astaracian						11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene			Astaracian						13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene			Orleanian						15.98
				Burdigalian				Agenian						20
				Aquitanian				Agenian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene									33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene									37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene									41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene									56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
				Bajocian						Humphresianum				168.4
				Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
				Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
				Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
				Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian								251.902
				Wuchiapingian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian									Urzhumian	264.28
				Wordian		Noginskian							Urzhumian	264.9 *
				Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
Sokian				Roadian			270.7 *					Kazanian
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
							Filipovian				276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian	Filipovian				276.8 *
							Saraninian				280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian				283.5
							Irginian				285.9 *
						Rusavkinian	Irginian				287.6 *
							Burtsevian				287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian				290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian				291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian				293.52
							Uskalykian				294.8
							Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian				300 *
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian						303.7
						Khamovnikian						304.8
						Krevyakinian		Dalaun				305.8 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Podolskian						308.9 *
						Kashirian						311.4 *
						Vereian						313.8
						Melekessian						314.8
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian					315.2
						Cheremshanian					316.9 *
						Cheremshanian		Huashibanian			318.5 *
						Prikamian					318.6 *
						Severokeltmian					319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		Lousuan			321.2 *
						Voznesenian		Lousuan			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	Dewunian		Late Mississippian			323.2
					Protvian						324.4 *
					Steshevian						326.8 *
					Tarusian						329 *
					Tarusian	Shangsian					330.8 *
			Visean		Venevian			Middle Mississippian			330.9
					Mikhailovian						331.9 *
					Aleksinian						333.7 *
					Aleksinian	Jiusian					335 *
					Tulian						335.8 *
					Bobrikian						339.9 *
					Radaevkian						343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian	Tangbagouan		Early Mississippian			346.7
					Kizelian						350.7 *
					Cherepetian					351.9 *
					Karakubian					354.4 *
					Upinian					356.3 *
					Malevkian					357.6 *
					Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian				358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian				372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian				382.7
	Middle Givetian					383.7 *
	Early Givetian					385.9 *
	Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
	Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian					Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau			1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
														1400