PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of China	Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene			MN 17							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			MN 16							2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			MN 15							3.6
						MN 14							4.2
						MN 13							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			MN 13							5.333
		Tortonian				MN 12						Pannonian	7.246
						MN 11							7.75
						MN 10							8.7
						MN 9							9.7
						MN 7 + 8							11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Cenozoic 5	MN 7 + 8						Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian				MN 6						Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian				MN 5							13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			MN 4							15.98
						MN 3							16.9
						MN 2							20
		Aquitanian				MN 2							20.44
		Aquitanian				MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2	Triassic 1
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	Permian 4		251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian			264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
								Xiaodushanian	300 *
									300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Devonian 4		West Fallsian/Sonyean		Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Southwoodian				Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Southwoodian				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
													538.8