PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene												0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene												0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene												5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene												7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene												11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene												13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene												15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene												37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene												41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene												59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						Midian					259.51
				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Midian					264.28
				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian					273.01
				Kungurian								Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian								Bolorian					283.5
				Artinskian								Yakhtashian					286
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian								Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			443.8
			Katian		Bolindian			445.2
					Eastonian			449 *
					Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
					Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian	Niuchehean			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	Jiangshanian			489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian			493.1 *
			Paibian							Paibian			494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai		Duyunian			509
	Stage 3	Series 2	Nangaoian							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan		1375
																	1400