PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian				0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			Ionian				0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian					Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian					Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian		Midian						264.28
				Wordian		Murgabian						266.2 *
				Roadian		Murgabian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian						273.01
				Kungurian		Bolorian						279.8
				Artinskian		Bolorian					Autunian	283.5
				Artinskian		Yakhtashian						286
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian		Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian	Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian		485.4
			Stage 10		Payntonian		486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian		489.5
			Paibian		Idamean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan		497
			Guzhangian		Boomerangian		499
			Drumian		Undillan		500.5
			Drumian		Floran		503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian		504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian		507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian		509
			Stage 4				510.8 *
			Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
												635