International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | European Faunal Units | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | Gashatan | 56 | |||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||
180.1 | |||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||
201.4 |