PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan											150
											Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan											176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan											184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran											188.9
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
				Norian							Warepan											208.5
											Otamitan											217
											Oretian											221
				Carnian							Oretian											227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan											237
				Ladinian							Etalian											238
				Anisian							Etalian											242
				Anisian							Malakovian											246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian											247.2
				Olenekian							Nelsonian											249
				Induan							Nelsonian											251.2
				Induan						DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan							Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian							Waiitian							Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			Waiitian							Dzhulfian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			Puruhauan							Dzhulfian				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian		Midian				259.51
Wordian				Wordian	264.28						Flettian
					Barettian	266
						Murgabian			266.2 *
Roadian				Roadian		Murgabian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian		Cathedralian			Kubergandian		273.01
					Mangapirian				Kubergandian		276
									Bolorian		279.8
						Hessian					281.9 *
			Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian						285
									Yakhtashian		286
				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian					286.1 *
											288.5
			Sakmarian						Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian			Nealian			Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian								Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian				307
			Moscovian				Atokan				312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan				315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan				318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian				323.2
			Visean				Chesterian				330.9
							Meramecian				335.8 *
							Osagean				343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean				346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
			Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian											453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
												Dobrotivian				458.5 *
												Oretanian				459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian										Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian									Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10													Festiniogian	489.2 *
	Jiangshanian		489.5													Festiniogian
	Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian													493.1 *
	Paibian		Maentwrogian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai														509
	Series 2	Stage 3															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran																Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian																			720
		Tonian																		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																		Karatau	1000
		Stenian																		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200															Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan					1375
																						1400