PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian			Pannonian								7.246
				Serravallian			Sarmatian								11.63
				Serravallian			Badenian								12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
									Planulata						179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
									Kanense						181.3 *
									Carlottense						182.3 *
									Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian					Kunae						184.2
									Freboldi						185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian											192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10			Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian			Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian			Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai							509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
															1400