PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cambrian of Siberia		Permian of North America		European Faunal Units	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Villanyian			2.58
		Piacenzian									Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean									Ruscinian			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian			5.333
		Tortonian									Turolian			7.246
		Tortonian									Vallesian			8.7
		Serravallian									Astaracian			11.63
		Langhian									Astaracian			13.82
		Burdigalian									Orleanian			15.98
		Burdigalian									Agenian			20
		Aquitanian									Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian			MP 16							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11									41.2
		Ypresian			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7								Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5						Gashatan		56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian							Wordian					264.28
		Roadian							Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian								Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian								Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian								Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian								Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10		Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						489.5
					Aksaian			490.7 *
					Sakian			492.2 *
				Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian						494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids		Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai		Amgan/Solvan			509
					Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
														538.8