PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian										2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian										3
		Zanclean				Waipipian										3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian										3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan										7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan										11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian										15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian										23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian										41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan										47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian										56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian										66
		Campanian				Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
						Motuan										99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan										100.5
						Urutawan										103.3
					Taitai	Korangan										108.4
		Aptian				Korangan										113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian		Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
						Zahorany †/Vinice					Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian			458.5 *
									Oretanian			459.7 *
			Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian		468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth								Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
											Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
														Steptoean	493 *
											Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan											Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
																538.8