PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of China	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian						MN 17		Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16		Late Pliocene	Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15		Late Pliocene		3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15		Early Pliocene		3.6
										MN 14				4.2
										MN 13			Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13		Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12				7.246
										MN 11				7.75
										MN 10				8.7
										MN 9				9.7
										MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8		Middle Miocene		11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6				12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5			Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4		Early Miocene	Shanwangian	15.98
										MN 3			Xiejiaan	16.9
										MN 2				20
				Aquitanian						MN 2				20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian		Buntsandstein			251.902
				Changhsingian					Baoqingian					253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
							Festiniogian			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							489.5
									Steptoean	493 *
							Maentwrogian			493.1 *
			Paibian				Maentwrogian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian					Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan					Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan					Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4					Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3					Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
														635