PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		Precambrian of Russia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean							Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian			3
				Zanclean											Waipipian			3.6
															Opoitian			3.7
								Baodean							Opoitian			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan			7.246
														Southland	Waiauan			11.04
								Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian														11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian				Shanwangian							Lillburnian			13.82
															Clifdenian			15.1
														Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian														15.98
								Xiejiaan										16.9
															Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
															Duntroonian			25.2
															Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian												Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
														Arnold	Runangan			34.6
															Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian			41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
															Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan		Bumbanian	47.8
															Mangaorapan			48.9
															Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian	Gashatan		56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian											Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
															Mangaotanean			90.5
															Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan			93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
															Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan			100.5
															Urutawan			103.3
														Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian											Korangan			113
				Aptian														117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian			458.5 *
				Oretanian			459.7 *
							Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian							468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian		489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian								Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids									497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan										504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai									509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																		1400